Forex encyclopedia

Forex market has its driving forces. Such forces are participants of market. For clarity, it is accepted to divide them into several types: bulls, bears, pigs, rabbits, hogs, lambs. In this zoo, driving forces are exactly bulls and bears. Their clear intentions and determination can greatly influence currency rates. This terminology was adopted from stock market, where emotions play not the last role in movement of quotes, thus, analogy with animals and their typical behaviour provides a clear idea on psychology of market participant.
The market where spot (ie as per current rate) operations take place is called spot market. Operations of spot type are exactly those operations, which are the most popular on the Forex market. Quotes, which many people accustomed to in the window of trading terminal are called spot rate. It is accepted that settlement date for current conversion operations is the second business day after transaction is made. But it is only related to serious financial bodies. For common traders working on the Forex market via the Internet all current data is rendered in the terminal, trades are made within split seconds, therefore such criteria as settlement date cannot be accounted here. Also it is noteworthy that as compared with all other conversion operations, spot operations bear the highest risk. Forward conversion operations include forwards, futures, options and swaps. Listed instruments are also called derivatives. They were made in order to mitigate risks caused by unfavorable change of currency rate in the future.
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Forex encyclopedia
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