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Purchasing Managers' Index (National Association of Purchasing, PMI index) represents a summary report of surveying managers in the field of industry. PMI index is used to measure change of production output, the number of new industrial orders, inventories as well as operation speed of suppliers. The goal of this economic indicator is to provide the information about shaping of price policy, tendencies in business and broadly in the economy. PMI (otherwise called NAPM) is measured as percentage % from 1 to 100. Respondents to the survey answers simple questions. Choice of answers is usually limited by “yes”, “no” and “no change”. Taking into account the structure of questions, it is hard to escape a conclusion that psychological factors heavily impact index value, which can distort figures.
According to official sources, the Pareto Principle was named after the economist and sociologist Vilfredo Pareto, who was born in Paris in 1848, but was Italian by nationality. From 1906, he began to notice certain economic patterns. For example, he noted that 80% of the land in Italy belonged to 20% of the population. Then, he formulated the principle, noting that 20% of the pods in his garden contained 80% of the peas. These and other regularities led to the fact that Vilfredo Pareto developed the “80/20 Rule”, which in general form looked as follows: 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes.
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